Y2K: Cinderella: Fred Triggs' first article - Topic 4a

Note: By popular demand here is a reprint of Freds 'Pumpkin' Award winning article.

Slight changes to format have been made to accomodate mailers, the text is unchanged.


Fred Trigg wrote:

As a brief introduction to myself, I run the support team for Foster Wheeler UK in Reading. We have some 1500 pcs and run a vast range of software ranging from very old, such as Lotus 123 v2.3 to the very new. We are in the process of evaluation this software to ensure Y2K complience. As part of our support we provide a Windows help file containing all sorts of information including our findings so far on the Y2K issue. I have included the text version of the evaluation so far and hope it will be of some use.

Please excuse the format as it was converted from a RTF file.

Although we do not evaluate the implications of converting any existing data or processes, we do ensure that each product can deal with the potential problems and that if so recommendations are given on how to use them whilst maintaining Y2K awareness.

If this is of any use please let me know and I'll continue to post new evaluations (We have a huge amount to go!).

Regards,
Fred Trigg
Senior Systems Analyst
Foster Wheeler Engery Limited
fredtrigg@patrol.i-way.co.uk
fred_trigg@fwc.com

Lotus 123

Lotus 123 is very widely used within the company and there are a number of versions of this spreadsheet available for use. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu or the DOS menu from where you opened your application. More information can then be obtained about your particular versions year 2000' capabilities by double clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your version of Lotus 123 is not listed below, then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version can not handle year 2000 dates, it just means that it hasn't been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

Lotus 5

Lotus 4

Lotus 3.4

Lotus 2.3

Lotus 123 Version 5

This version allows for dates to be input with a four digit year and therefore it can cope well with 21st century dates. Date calculations can also be carried out which span the century switch over. If system dates are brought in via functions such as 'now' and 'today' then these will automatically be displayed with a two digit year if it is before the year 2000 or with a four digit year if it is afterwards. All other dates entered into the spreadsheet will also be shown as either two or four digit years, depending on how they are entered by the user. After the year 2000, you are therefore advised to always enter a four digit year.

This version is also capable of recognising leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can cope with dates up to and including December 31st 2099.

Lotus 123 Version 4

This version although not the latest release of this package is still capable of dealing with 21st century dates. Version 4 can carry out date calculations which span over the two centuries. If system dates are brought in via functions such as 'now' and 'today' then these will automatically be displayed with a two digit year if it is before the year 2000 or with a four digit year if it is afterwards. All other dates entered into the spreadsheet will also be shown as either two or four digit years, depending on how they are entered by the user. After the year 2000, you are therefore advised to always enter a four digit year. This version is also capable of recognising leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can cope with dates up to and including December 31st 2099.

Lotus 123 Version 3.4

This version although a rather early one is capable of recognising year 2000 dates. However the cell which is to hold the date must first be formatted to' long international', this can be done by selecting 'range\format\date\long international' from the main menu within Lotus 123.

The dates can then be manipulated as any other date would be and calculations can be made which span over the centuries. If system dates are brought in via functions such as 'now' and 'today', then these will automatically be displayed with a two digit year if it is before the year 2000, or with a four digit year if it is afterwards.

All other dates entered into the spreadsheet will also be shown as either two or four digit years, depending on how they are entered by the user. After the year 2000, you are therefore advised to always enter a four digit year. This version can also recognise leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can cope with dates up to and including December 31st 2099.

Lotus 123 Version 2.3

This version, although one of the earlier versions of Lotus 123 can manage year 2000 dates as long as they are put into 'long international' formatted cells.

This can be done by selecting 'range\format\date\long international' from the main menu within Lotus 123.

The dates can then be manipulated as any other date would be and calculations can be made which span over the centuries. If system dates are bought in via functions such as 'now' and 'today', then these will automatically be displayed with a two digit year if it is before the year 2000, or with a four digit year if it is afterwards.

All other dates entered into the spreadsheet will also be shown as either two or four digit years, depending on how they are entered by the user. After the year 2000, you are therefore advised to always enter a four digit year. This version can also recognise leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can cope with dates up to and including December 31st 2099.

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel is very widely used throughout the company and there are a number of versions of this spreadsheet available for use. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu. More can be found out about your particular versions year 2000 capabilities by clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your particular version is not listed below then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version cannot manage year 2000 dates, it just means that it has not been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

Excel 5

Excel 4

Microsoft Excel Version 5

This version of Microsoft Excel is currently the most widely used version within the company. It can manage year 2000 dates and can display dates containing four digit years as long as the cells in which these dates are to be entered are formatted correctly.

In order to format the cells correctly, highlight the appropriate cells that you wish to format, then select 'Format\Cells\'from the menu, then from the category box choose 'date' and enter in the code box 'DD/MM/YYYY' and click 'OK'. The dates within those cells will now be displayed with a four digit year.

If system dates are bought in via functions such as 'now' or 'today', then these dates will be displayed in whichever format the cells are set to. This version of Excel also recognises leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can manage dates up to and including December 31st 2078.

Microsoft Excel Version 4

This is an earlier version of Microsoft Excel. It can manage year 2000 dates and can display dates containing four digit years as long as the cells in which these dates are to be entered are formatted correctly.

In order to format the cells correctly, highlight the appropriate cells that you wish to format, then select 'Format\Cells\' from the menu, then from the category box choose 'date' and enter in the code box 'DD/MM/YYYY' and click 'OK'. The dates within those cells will now be displayed with a four digit year.

If system dates are bought in via functions such as 'now' and 'today', then these dates will be displayed in whichever format the cells are set to. After the year 2000, all users are advised to enter dates with four digit years. This version of Excel also recognises leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year and can manage dates up to and including December 31st 2078.

Databases

There are a number of databases in use around the company and as the year 2000 approaches, it is important to make sure that you know how the database you use will cope with the change. To find out more about your particular database, please click on the appropriate icon below.

Paradox

dBase

Dataease

Microsoft Access

Paradox

Paradox is widely used within the company and there are a number of versions of this database available. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu or the DOS menu from where you open your application. More information can then be obtained about your particular versions 'year 2000' capabilities by double clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your version of Paradox is not listed below, then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version cannot handle year 2000 dates, it just means that it hasn't been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

Paradox V5

dBase

dBASE is widely used within the company and there are a number of versions of this database available. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu or the DOS menu from where you open your application. More information can then be obtained about your particular versions 'year 2000' capabilities by double clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your version of dBASE is not listed below, then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version cannot handle year 2000 dates, it just means that it hasn't been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

dBase 3+

dBase 4 v1.1

dBase 4 v1.2

dBase 5

Visual dBase 5.5

Dataease

DataEase is a widely used database and there are a number of versions of this database in existence throughout the company. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu or the DOS menu from where you open your application. More information can then be obtained about your versions 'year 2000' capabilities by clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your version of DataEase is not listed below, then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version cannot handle year 2000 dates, it just means that it hasn't been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

Dataease 4.2

Dataease 4.53

Microsoft Access

Microsoft Access is widely used within the company and there are a number of versions of this database available for use. To find out which version you are currently using, please refer to the Foster Wheeler applications menu from where you open your application. More information can then be obtained about your particular versions 'year 2000' capabilities by double clicking on the appropriate icon below.

If your version of Microsoft Access is not listed below, then don't panic! It doesn't necessarily mean that your version cannot handle year 2000 dates, it just means that it hasn't been tested yet and so some caution must be taken.

Microsoft Access v2 In House Applications

(Under construction)

Paradox Version 5

This version of Paradox will allow for four digit years to be displayed. However, it will not automatically display dates with four digit years unless the date field is set to a format which will allow for four digit years to be used. Paradox takes its date format from the windows control panel international dialogue box and so to change the date format, one must do the following.

1. Choose 'Windows Main' from the Foster Wheeler applications menu

2. Choose 'control panel'

3. Choose 'international'

4. Click on the 'change' box from within the date format box

5. Change the date format to suit you, making sure that the year is specified as a four digit year.

The date format within Paradox will now automatically change to the format which you have specified within the control panel of Windows. Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives. If a year 2000 date is entered in a two digit format then the date will be assumed by Paradox to be a 20th century year e.g. '31/03/01' will be treated as '31/03/1901'.

This version of Paradox is also capable of recognising leap years in particular the year 2000 leap year and will not allow invalid dates to be entered, for example it will not allow the date '29/02/1997' but it will allow '29/02/2000'. It is also important here to note that if the date '29/02/00' is entered then Paradox will produce an error as it will assume that this is the date '29/02/1900' which was not a leap year. It is therefore advisable to enter all dates with a four digit year.

Paradox sorts the data correctly depending on the sort specification even if the dates span over the year 2000. Data can also be queried using operators such as '<' and '>' and will produce correct answers to queries even if the date spans over the century switch over. It is important to note however that in order for Paradox to do this correctly, all 21st century dates must be entered in a four digit format to prevent confusion and invalid query results.

Within Paradox V5, there is also an operation called 'TODAY'. This also recognises the year 2000 and will produce the correct query results whichever century's dates it is working with.

dBase Version 5

This database will allow four digit years to be used, however in order for it to do this, the century setting must first be turned on. It may well be the case that this has already been done and you will be able to enter 4 digit years automatically, however if you can't then you can turn the century setting on by doing the following.

1. Choose 'Properties' from the dBASE main menu

2. Choose 'desktop'

3. Click in the small 'century' box until an 'x' appears

4. Click on O.K.

Once you have done this, any future dates will be displayed with a four digit year. An example of how the date will look in the chosen format is displayed under this 'century' box, so it is a good idea to check the example first, before committing. Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives.

If a year 2000 date is entered in a two digit format then the date will be assumed by dBASE to be a 20th century year e.g. '31/03/01' will be treated as '31/03/1901'. This version of dBASE also recognises leap years and will not allow invalid dates to be entered, for example it will not allow the date '29/02/1997' but it will allow '29/02/2000'. It is also important to note that if the date '29/02/00' is entered, then dBASE will assume this to be the date '29/02/1900' and will produce an error as 1900 was not a leap year.

There is also an internal operation within dBASE called DATE ( ). This operation returns the current system date and has been shown, via the use of the Date ( ) + operation, to be able to handle 21st century dates.

Visual dBase (Version 5.5)

This database will allow four digit years to be used, however in order for it to do this, the century setting must first be turned on. It may well be the case that this has already been done and you will be able to enter four digit years automatically, however if you can't then you can turn the century setting on by doing the following.

1. Choose 'Properties' from the dBASE main menu

2. Choose 'desktop'

3. Click in the small 'century' box until an 'x' appears

Once you have done this, any future dates will be displayed with a four digit year. An example of how the date will look in the chosen format is displayed under this box, so it is a good idea to check the example first, before committing.

Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives. If a date is entered in a two digit format then dBASE assumes it to be a 20th century year, for example if the date '01/01/2000' is entered in a two digit format e.g. '01/01/00' then Visual dBASE will assume it is a 20th century year and will display the date as '01/01/1900'.

This version of DBASE also recognises leap years and will not allow invalid dates to be entered, for example it will not allow the date '29/02/1997' but it will allow '29/02/2000'. It is important to note that if the date '29/02/00' is entered then dBASE will assume that this date is actually '29/02/1900' and will produce an error as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

There is also an internal operation within Visual dBASE called DATE ( ). This operation returns the current system date and has been shown via the use of the DATE ( ) + operation, to be able to handle 21st century dates.

dBase 4 v2

This database will allow four digit years to be used, however in order for it to do this, the century setting must first be turned on. This can be done by pressing PF10 from the control centre, this will take you into the menus. Then from the 'Tools' drop down menu choose 'settings' and take the cursor down to the 'century' option and press return until the display reads 'CENTURY ON'.

Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives. If a date is entered with a two digit year then dBASE IV V2 will automatically assume that the date is within the 20th century, for example if the date '12/05/2000' is entered as '12/05/00' then dBASE IV will assume that the actual date is '12/05/1900'.

dBASE IV also deals with leap years, and will bring up an error if an invalid date such as '29/02/1997' is entered. It is also important to note that if a date such as '29/02/00' is entered, then dBASE will assume this date to be '29/02/1900' and will produce an error as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

dBase 4 v1.1

This version of dBASE IV will allow for dates to be displayed with a four digit year, however in order to do this, the century command must first be switched on.

This can be done from the dot prompt by entering the command 'SET CENTURY ON'. dBASE IV can also handle 2000 dates within queries and will sort dates correctly, assuming that they have been entered in a four digit format. If dates are entered with a two digit year, then the date will be assumed to be a 1900 date and will be treated as such within queries and sorts.

Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives.

dBASE IV v 1.1 is also capable of recognising leap years and will not let invalid dates such as '29/02/1997' be entered. It also recognises the year 2000 leap year and will allow the date '29/02/2000' to be entered, however if the date '29/02/00' is entered then dBASE IV v 1.1 will assume that this is the date '29/02/1900' and will produce an error.

dBase III +

This database will allow for dates to be displayed with a four digit year, however in order to do this, the century command must first be switched on. This can be done from the dot prompt by entering the command 'SET CENTURY ON'. dBASE III+ can also handle 2000 dates within queries and will sort dates correctly, assuming that they have been entered in a four digit format. If dates are entered with a two digit year, then the date will be assumed to be a 1900 date and will be treated as such within queries and sorts. Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives.

dBASE III+ is also capable of recognising leap years and will not let invalid dates such as '29/02/1997' be entered into fields. It also recognises the year 2000 leap year and will allow the date '29/02/2000' to be entered, however if the date '29/02/00' is entered then dBASE III+ will assume that this is the date '29/02/1900' and will produce an error as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

Microsoft Access Version 2

This database will allow four digit years to be used, however in order for it to do this, the data field containing the date must first be formatted. This can be done by defining the format you wish to use for the date field, when the database is first set up. This can be done via the following steps.

1. When defining the date field date type, click on the arrow and choose 'Date/Time'.

2. Click on format and then the arrow again.

3. Choose an appropriate format which will allow the dates to be displayed with a four digit year.

e.g. short date format( '31/12/2000').

This database package is also capable of recognising leap years in particular the year 2000 leap year and will not allow dates to be entered into the database which are not valid, for example the date '29/02/1997' cannot be entered, however the date '29/02/2000' can be entered.

Users are advised to begin to enter dates with a four digit year as soon as possible in order to avoid confusion and upheaval when the year 2000 arrives. If a date is entered in a two digit format then Access V2.0 assumes it to be a 20th century year.

For example, if there are two dates in a data table, one '12/03/1900' and one '12/03/2000' then if a query is run looking for the date '12/03/00' then only the 1900 date will be returned. It is important to note this especially when the date '29/02/00' is entered, as this will be taken as '29/02/1900' and Access will produce an error as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

Microsoft Access sorts the data correctly depending on the sort specification even if the dates span over the year 2000. Data can also be queried using operators such as '<' and '>' and will produce correct answers to queries even if the date spans over the century switch over. It is important to note however that in order for Access to do this correctly, all 21st century dates must be entered in a four digit format to prevent confusion and invalid query results.

There are also a number of date operations within Microsoft Access, such as 'DATEADD', 'DATEDIFF', 'DATEPART', all these work fine with 21st century dates but again care must be taken to make sure that such dates are entered in a four digit format.

Dataease Version 4.2

DataEase stores years in a two digit format, however the software can be configured to allow for a 100 year span of dates. With the standard configuration, this span is '01/01/1901' to '12/31/2000'. This span can however be changed by specifying a different starting date, for example for the standard configuration the starting date is one. This date can then be changed to another number in order to change the span. An example of this would be having a starting date of '95', this would change the span to '01/01/1995' to '12/31/2094.'

This works well, as long as dates do not exceed a 100 year span. This starting date can be changed fairly easily from within DataEase V4.2 by doing the following.

1. From the Main DataEase Menu choose 'System Administration'.

2. From the System Administration' menu choose 'Define Configuration'.

3. You will now be asked which configuration you wish to choose, choose '1' for database Configuration.

4. Move through the pages until you get to page 3, this is the page from where you can change the 100-year span start year.

5. Change the start year to the appropriate year(see below).

6. Press PF2 to save the change.

7. Press ESC to exit.

However it is recommended that the start year within all company DataEase packages is set to '60', thus allowing 21st century dates up to and including '31/12/2059' to be entered. DataEase can also deal with leap years, in particular the year 2000 leap year.

It will allow valid leap year dates such as '29/02/2000' to be entered, but will produce an error if an invalid date such as '29/02/1997' is entered. It is important to note however that if the date '29/02/00' is entered then this date will be assumed to be '29/02/1900' and an error will be produced as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

Records can also be sorted in date order and will be sorted correctly even if dates span over the two centuries. It is important to make sure that the starting date which was described above, is set correctly to avoid sorting errors occurring when data containing dates from more than one century are sorted.

Dataease Version 4.53

DataEase V4.53 stores dates in a 2 digit format, however the software can be configured to allow for a 100 year span of dates. With the standard configuration, this span is '01/01/1901' to '12/31/2000'. This span can however be changed by specifying a different starting date, for example for the standard configuration, the starting date is '01'.

The date can then be changed to another number in order to change the span. An example of this would be having a starting date of '95', this would change the span to '01/01/95' to '31/12/2094'. This works well as long as dates do not exceed a 100 year span. This starting date can be changed fairly easily from within DataEase V 4.53 by doing the following.

1. From the main DataEase menu choose 'System Administration'.

2. From the System Administration' menu choose 'Design Configuration'.

3. You will now be asked which configuration you wish to choose, choose '1' for database configuration.

4. Move through the pages until you get to page three, this is the page from where you can change the 100 year span start date.

5. Change the start year to the appropriate year(see below).

6. Press PF2 to save the change.

7. Press ESC to exit.

However it is recommended that the start year within all company DataEase packages is set to '60', thus allowing 21st century dates up to and including '31/12/2059' to be entered. DataEase can also deal with leap years in particular the year 2000 leap year.

It will allow valid leap year dates, such as '29/02/2000' to be entered, but will produce an error if an invalid date such as '29/02/1997' is entered. It is important to note, that if the date '29/02/00' is entered then this will be assumed by DataEase to be the date '29/02/1900' and an error will be produced as the year 1900 was not a leap year.

Records can also be sorted in date order and will be sorted correctly even if dates span over the two centuries. It is important to make sure that the starting date which was described above, is set correctly to avoid sorting errors occurring when data containing dates from more than one century are sorted.


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